Autonomous Vehicles (fully cooperative and automated vehicle)

Use Case: Cooperative sensing: exchange of sensor data (e.g., raw sensor data) and object information that increase vehicles environmental perception

Device(s)

To sense the environment, AVs use a combination of sensors: ・External sensors (GNSS, cameras, lidars etc.) ・Internal automotive sensors and actuators (brakes, steering wheel, accelerator, etc.) ^[1]

Joy, Joshua; Gerla, Marlo, IEEE, Internet of Vehicles and Autonomous Connected Car – Privacy and Security Issues
Autonomous Vehicle Technology: A Guide for Policymaker

KPIs

Mate Boban, Apostolos Kousaridas, Konstantinos Manolakis, Joseph Eichinger, Wen Xu. “Use Cases, Requirements, and Design Considerations for 5G V2X”, arXiv:1712.01754v1 [cs.NI] 5 Dec 2017

5G-PPP: Deliverable D2.1 5GCAR Scenarios, Use Cases, Requirements and KPIs. Version: v1.0, 2017-08-31, Available online: https://5gcar.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/5GCAR_D2.1_v1.0.pdf

E2E Latency:	Low: <10ms
Jitter:	Sensitive
Data Rate:	Low: < 10 Mbps^[2]
Availability:	Very high > 99.999%^[3]
Criticality:	Safety critical
Communication Direction:	Two-way
Common Communication Mode:	Unicast; Multicast; Broadcast Notes: Depends on the sensor
Data Reporting Mode:	Hybrid Driven Notes: Event and continuous
Mobility (type/speed):	High speed vehicular
Service Continuity:	Required
Device Autonomy (Power Constrained):	No
Connectivity Type:	LAN - WiFi; WAN - Cellular, LPWA, Satellite
Priority Services (NS/EP):	No (it would not)
Guaranteed Service:	Delayed-Critical GBR
Security:	High
Lifespan:	Long: More than 8 years
Device Density:	High (≥10000)
Location Based Services:	Very High Accuracy (less than 1M)

Slice Type
Slice Type:	V2X

Use Case: Cooperative maneuvers: include a wide range of use cases (e.g., cooperative collision avoidance, cooperative lane change)

Device(s)

Autonomous Vehicle Technology: A Guide for Policymakers

Joy, Joshua;Gerla, Marlo, IEEE, Internet of Vehicles and Autonomous Connected Car – Privacy and Security Issues

KPIs

Mate Boban, Apostolos Kousaridas, Konstantinos Manolakis, Joseph Eichinger, Wen Xu. “Use Cases, Requirements, and Design Considerations for 5G V2X”, arXiv:1712.01754v1 [cs.NI] 5 Dec 2017
5G-PPP: Deliverable D2.1 5GCAR Scenarios, Use Cases, Requirements and KPIs. Version: v1.0, 2017-08-31, Available online: https://5gcar.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/5GCAR_D2.1_v1.0.pdf

5G-PPP: Deliverable D2.1 5GCAR Scenarios, Use Cases, Requirements and KPIs. Version: v1.0, 2017-08-31, Available online: https://5gcar.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/5GCAR_D2.1_v1.0.pdf

E2E Latency:	Low: <10ms
Jitter:	Sensitive
Data Rate:	Low: < 10 Mbps Notes: For cooperative collision avoidance maximum expected data rate for each vehicle (1.3 Mbps) For lane change, data rate 0.350 to 6.4 Mbp ^[5]
Availability:	Very high > 99.999% Notes: V2I/V2N 99%; V2V 99.9% ^[6]
Criticality:	Safety critical
Communication Direction:	Two-way
Common Communication Mode:	Unicast; Multicast; Broadcast Notes: Depends on the sensor
Data Reporting Mode:	Hybrid Driven Notes: Event and continuous
Mobility (type/speed):	High speed vehicular
Service Continuity:	Required
Device Autonomy (Power Constrained):	No
Connectivity Type:	WAN - Cellular, LPWA, Satellite
Priority Services (NS/EP):	No (it would not)
Guaranteed Service:	Delayed-Critical GBR
Security:	High
Lifespan:	Long: More than 8 years
Device Density:	High (≥10000)
Location Based Services:	Very High Accuracy (less than 1M)

Slice Type
Slice Type:	V2X

Use Case: High density platooning
High density platooning refers to a group of vehicles driving closely together in a convoy, with the lead vehicle controlling the speed and direction of the others. The vehicles in the platoon are equipped with advanced communication and sensor technology, which allows them to maintain a consistent distance from one another, even in heavy traffic or adverse weather conditions. High-density platooning can help to reduce traffic congestion and improve safety on the road by allowing vehicles to drive more closely together in a coordinated manner.

Device(s)

Autonomous Vehicle Technology: A Guide for Policymakers
Joy, Joshua;Gerla, Marlo, IEEE, Internet of Vehicles and Autonomous Connected Car – Privacy and Security Issues

KPIs

5G-PPP: Deliverable D2.1 5GCAR Scenarios, Use Cases, Requirements and KPIs. Version: v1.0, 2017-08-31, Available online: https://5gcar.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/5GCAR_D2.1_v1.0.pdf

Mate Boban, Apostolos Kousaridas, Konstantinos Manolakis, Joseph Eichinger, Wen Xu. “Use Cases, Requirements, and Design Considerations for 5G V2X”, arXiv:1712.01754v1 [cs.NI] 5 Dec 2017

5G-PPP: Deliverable D2.1 5GCAR Scenarios, Use Cases, Requirements and KPIs. Version: v1.0, 2017-08-31, Available online: https://5gcar.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/5GCAR_D2.1_v1.0.pdf

E2E Latency:	Low: <10ms Notes: Latency 50ms ^[8]
Jitter:	Sensitive
Data Rate:	Low: < 10 Mbps Notes: Data rate >25M ^[9]
Availability:	Very high > 99.999%
Criticality:	Safety critical
Communication Direction:	Two-way
Common Communication Mode:	Unicast; Multicast; Broadcast Notes: Depends on the sensor
Data Reporting Mode:	Hybrid Driven Notes: Event and continuous
Mobility (type/speed):	High speed vehicular
Service Continuity:	Required
Device Autonomy (Power Constrained):	No
Connectivity Type:	WAN - Cellular, LPWA, Satellite
Priority Services (NS/EP):	No (it would not)
Guaranteed Service:	Delayed-Critical GBR
Security:	High
Lifespan:	Long: More than 8 years
Device Density:	High (≥10000)
Location Based Services:	Very High Accuracy (less than 1M)

Slice Type
Slice Type:	V2X

Use Case: See-through - real-time exchange of live video images and high throughput sensor data from surround cameras. In a typical “see-through” use case scenario, a vehicle following a large truck with limited forward visibility can receive high-quality, real-time video feeds from cameras installed on the trunk or other nearby vehicles to gain visibility.

Device(s)

Vision-based sensor (e.g., stereo camera)

KPIs

Mate Boban, Apostolos Kousaridas, Konstantinos Manolakis, Joseph Eichinger, Wen Xu. “Use Cases, Requirements, and Design Considerations for 5G V2X”, arXiv:1712.01754v1 [cs.NI] 5 Dec 2017

5G-PPP: Deliverable D2.1 5GCAR Scenarios, Use Cases, Requirements and KPIs. Version: v1.0, 2017-08-31, Available online: https://5gcar.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/5GCAR_D2.1_v1.0.pdf

E2E Latency:	Moderate: 10ms-100ms
Jitter:	Sensitive
Data Rate:	Medium: 10 – 50 Mbps^[10]
Availability:	Medium: 90 - 95% Notes: 99% ^[11]
Criticality:	Safety critical
Communication Direction:	One-way
Common Communication Mode:	Multicast
Data Reporting Mode:	Hybrid Driven Notes: Event and continuous
Mobility (type/speed):	High speed vehicular
Service Continuity:	Required
Device Autonomy (Power Constrained):	No
Connectivity Type:	WAN - Cellular, LPWA, Satellite
Priority Services (NS/EP):	No (it would not)
Guaranteed Service:	Delayed-Critical GBR
Security:	High
Lifespan:	Long: More than 8 years
Device Density:	High (≥10000)
Location Based Services:	Very High Accuracy (less than 1M)

Slice Type
Slice Type:	V2X

Use Case: Vulnerable road user - warnings are provided for vulnerable road users (e.g., pedestrians, bicyclists, wheelchair users, etc.) to avoid collision with moving vehicle, use of local communication systems can assist in the detection of a crossing vulnerable road user (VRU) by the use of an intelligent roadside unit which captures the VRU’s messages and transit them to the approaching vehicles.

Device(s)

Sensors based on radar, visual or infrared technology integrated into the road infrastructure. The sensors detect approaching road users and signal this to the road users by visual and audio warnings.^[12]

Carels David, Vandenberghe Wim,Moerman Ingrid,Demeester Piet, “ARCHITECTURE FOR VULNERABLE ROAD USER COLLISION PREVENTION SYSTEM (VRU-CPS), BASED ON LOCAL COMMUNICATION”.

KPIs

5G-PPP: Deliverable D2.1 5GCAR Scenarios, Use Cases, Requirements and KPIs. Version: v1.0, 2017-08-31, Available online: https://5gcar.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/5GCAR_D2.1_v1.0.pdf

E2E Latency:	Moderate: 10ms-100ms Notes: Latency <60ms ^[13]
Jitter:	Sensitive
Data Rate:	Low: < 10 Mbps
Availability:	High: 95 - 99.999% Notes: 99% to 99.99% ^[14]
Criticality:	Safety critical
Communication Direction:	One-way
Common Communication Mode:	Multicast
Data Reporting Mode:	Hybrid Driven Notes: Event and continuous
Mobility (type/speed):	Fixed
Service Continuity:	Required
Device Autonomy (Power Constrained):	No
Connectivity Type:	WAN - Cellular, LPWA, Satellite
Priority Services (NS/EP):	No (it would not)
Guaranteed Service:	Delayed-Critical GBR
Security:	High
Lifespan:	Long: More than 8 years
Device Density:	High (≥10000)
Location Based Services:	Very High Accuracy (less than 1M)

Slice Type
Slice Type:	V2X

Use Case: Teleoperated driving enables operation of a vehicle by a remote driver.

Device(s)

Sensor information (e.g., LIDAR, RADARs), vehicle Status (e.g., speed) and video streaming images (e.g., two cameras (front, end))

KPIs

Mate Boban, Apostolos Kousaridas, Konstantinos Manolakis, Joseph Eichinger, Wen Xu. “Use Cases, Requirements, and Design Considerations for 5G V2X”, arXiv:1712.01754v1 [cs.NI] 5 Dec 2017

5G-PPP: Deliverable D2.1 5GCAR Scenarios, Use Cases, Requirements and KPIs. Version: v1.0, 2017-08-31, Available online: https://5gcar.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/5GCAR_D2.1_v1.0.pdf

E2E Latency:	Low: <10ms
Jitter:	Sensitive
Data Rate:	Medium: 10 – 50 Mbps Notes: 25 Mbps uplink data rate is derived from two or more cameras (e.g., front, side, back) and other sensor information that is required to provide to the human operator experience similar to that of a regular driver of the car. Resulting traffic demand is approximately 10 Mb/s for each H.265/HEVC High Definition (HD) video stream ^[15]
Availability:	Very high > 99.999% Notes: 99.999% ^[16]
Criticality:	Safety critical
Communication Direction:	Two-way
Common Communication Mode:	Unicast
Data Reporting Mode:	Continuous-based
Mobility (type/speed):	High speed vehicular
Service Continuity:	Required
Device Autonomy (Power Constrained):	No
Connectivity Type:	WAN - Cellular, LPWA, Satellite
Priority Services (NS/EP):	No (it would not)
Guaranteed Service:	Delayed-Critical GBR
Security:	High
Lifespan:	Long: More than 8 years
Device Density:	High (≥10000)
Location Based Services:	Very High Accuracy (less than 1M)

Slice Type
Slice Type:	V2X