Car-embedded sensors (lidar and radar), GNSS, and potentially data from brakes, accelerator, steering wheel, etc.
Depending on the application, different types of cameras are used for surveillance. Visual cameras are used for capturing images during daylight, while a thermal camera may be used for night vision, seeing through smoke or fog, vegetation monitoring, fire and heat detection using infrared patterns, etc. Data may be streamed directly from the UAV via a secure communications channel to a remote central location.
Driverless vehicles and Autonomous Drilling Systems that can operate without human intervention allow operations around the clock, enabling minerals to be extracted and processed in shorter time-frames. Real-Time Kinematic GPS (RTK-GPS) is used In underground mines due to a limited range of signal transmission below the surface and lack of satellite coverage in depth. RTK-GPS is used to ensure autonomous vehicles and drilling systems have clear path-tracking and collision avoidance capabilities. GPS-guided drilling operations. GPS provides accurate information to the drill head to control its direction deep within the earth.
Drones equipped with mobile communication link for C&C between the vehicle and a ground control station
Mobile Monitoring and tracking devices equipped with GNSS and other sensors (temperature, humidity, motion, shock, vibration, pressure, light/darkness) to monitor condition of the asset
Sensor information (e.g., LIDAR, RADARs), vehicle Status (e.g., speed) and video streaming images (e.g., two cameras (front, end))
To sense the environment, AVs use a combination of sensors:・External sensors (GNSS, cameras, lidars etc)・Internal automotive sensors and actuators (brakes, steering wheel, accelerator, etc)
