Car-embedded sensors (lidar and radar), GNSS, and potentially data from brakes, accelerator, steering wheel, etc.
Driverless vehicles and Autonomous Drilling Systems that can operate without human intervention allow operations around the clock, enabling minerals to be extracted and processed in shorter time-frames. Real-Time Kinematic GPS (RTK-GPS) is used In underground mines due to a limited range of signal transmission below the surface and lack of satellite coverage in depth. RTK-GPS is used to ensure autonomous vehicles and drilling systems have clear path-tracking and collision avoidance capabilities. GPS-guided drilling operations. GPS provides accurate information to the drill head to control its direction deep within the earth.
Medical grade wearables: Wearable device worn or placed on a body part to record a particular physiological change (e.g., respiratory rate sensors or blood pressure monitors). Any biosensor device for recording data from biological or chemical reactions (e.g., pulse oximeters or spirometers).
Parking sensors (Infrared, Passive Infrared(PIR)) and Ultrasonic Vehicle Detection Sensors – Individual parking space sensors that gather and transmits information for management, payment and compliance monitoring
Sensors based on radar, visual or infrared technology integrated into the road infrastructure. The sensors detect approaching road users and signal this to the road users by visual and audio warnings.
Some of the key types of sensors used in urban air quality monitoring include: Particulate Matter (PM) Sensors: These sensors measure concentrations of particulate matter Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Sensors: NO2 is a common urban pollutant, often produced by vehicle exhaust and industrial processes. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Sensors: Commonly produced by industrial processes, SO2 levels are often monitored using ultraviolet fluorescence or electrochemical sensors. Ozone (O3) Sensors: Ozone at ground level is a harmful pollutant, and its concentration is typically monitored using ultraviolet (UV) photometry or electrochemical cells. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Sensors: CO is a colorless, odorless gas resulting from incomplete combustion. It’s usually monitored in urban environments using electrochemical sensors. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Sensors: VOCs are emitted from a variety of sources, including vehicle exhaust, industrial processes, and consumer products. Meteorological Sensors: These sensors measure environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction, which are important for understanding and interpreting air quality data.
To sense the environment, AVs use a combination of sensors:・External sensors (GNSS, cameras, lidars etc)・Internal automotive sensors and actuators (brakes, steering wheel, accelerator, etc)
Wearable devices with bio-sensors automated to capture and transmit health data to healthcare providers in a different location for assessment and recommendations.
Wearable equipped with motion sensors – Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Magnetometer GNSS – helps to map the route and terrain on which the activity was performed Heart rate sensors help to measure heart rates during exercise
Wearables equipped with a variety of sensors including 3 axis accelerometer, Gyroscope, Altimeter, Temperature sensor, Bioimpedance sensor, optical sensor, GNSS
